about long not choice illness lifestyle Addiction life a

Addiction is a major health problem that costs around all other mental illnesses combined (about £40 billion per year) and about as much as cancer and cardiovascular disorders also.

At its core addiction is a state of altered brain function that contributes to fundamental changes in behavior which are manifest by repeated usage of alcohol or other drugs or doing activities such as gambling.  These are usually resisted, albeit unsuccessfully, by the addict.  The key features of addiction is therefore a state of habitual behaviour such as drug taking or gambling that's initially enjoyable but which eventually becomes self-sustaining or habitual. The urge to participate in the behaviour becomes so powerful that it inhibits normal life often to the level of overtaking work, personal relationships and family activities. At this time the individual can be reported to be addicted: the addict's every thought and action is directed for their addiction and anything else suffers.

If the addictive behaviour is difficult e.g. because they don't have enough money then feelings of intense distress emerge. These can lead to dangerously impulsive and sometimes aggressive actions.  In the event of drug/alcohol addiction the problem is compounded by the occurrence of withdrawal reactions which cause further distress and motivate desperate attempts to locate more of the addictive agent. This urge to obtain the drug may be so overpowering that addicts will commit seemingly random crimes to get the resources to purchase more drug. It has been estimated that about 70% of all acquisitive crime is related to drug and alcohol use.

Addiction is driven by a complex pair of internal and external factors.  The external factors are well understood:  the more usage of the required drug or behaviour e.g. gambling the more addiction there is.

The inner factors are less clear. Although most addiction is always to alcohol and other drugs, addiction to gambling and other behaviours such as sex or shopping can occur. These tell us that the brain can develop hard-to-control urges independent of changing its chemistry with drugs.  All addictions share a common thread in that they're initially pleasurable activities, often extremely enjoyable. This results in these behaviours hijacking the brain's normal pleasure systems to ensure that naturally enjoyable activities such as family life, work, exercise become devalued and the more excessive addiction behaviours take over.

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